VERMA N, Dimitrova M, Carter DM, Crevar CJ, et al.. Influenza virus H1N1pdm09 infections in the young and old: evidence of greater antibody diversity and affinity for the hemagglutinin globular head domain (HA1 Domain) in the elderly than in young adul. J Virol. 2012;86:5515-22. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Virol. 2012;86:5515-22 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22379097) The H1N1 2009 influenza virus (H1N1pdm09) pandemic had several unexpected features, including low morbidity and mortality in older populations. We performed in-depth evaluation of antibody responses generated ... BABON JA, Cruz J, Ennis FA, Yin L, et al.. A human CD4+ T cell epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin is cross-reactive to influenza A subtypes and to influenza B virus. J Virol. 2012.. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Virol. 2012. (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718815) The hemagglutinin protein (HA) of the influenza virus family is a major antigen for protective immunity. Thus, it is a relevant target for developing vaccines. Here we describe a human CD4(+) T cell epitope ... NELLI RK, Dunham SP, Kuchipudi SV, White GA, et al. Mammalian Innate Resistance to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infection is Mediated through Reduced Pro-inflammation and Infectious Virus Release. J Virol. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Virol. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718824) Respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages are the key innate immune cells that play an important role in the pathogenesis of influenza A infection. We found that these two cell types from both human ... QI L, Davis AS, Jagger BW, Schwartzman LM, et al.. Analysis by single gene reassortment demonstrates that the 1918 influenza virus is functionally compatible with a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in mice. J Virol. 2012.. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Virol. 2012. (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718825) The 1918-1919 "Spanish" influenza pandemic is estimated to have caused 50 million deaths worldwide. Understanding the origin, virulence, and pathogenic properties of past pandemic influenza viruses, including ... XU R, Zhu X, McBride R, Nycholat CM, et al.. Functional Balance of the Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Activities Accompanies the Emergence of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. J Virol. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Virol. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718832) The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic is the first human pandemic in decades and was of swine origin. Although swine are believed to be an intermediate host in the emergence of new human influenza viruses, ... MGBEMENA V, Segovia JA, Chang TH, Tsai SY, et al. Transactivation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene by Kruppel-like Factor 6 Regulates Apoptosis during Influenza A Virus Infection. J Immunol. 2012 Jun 18. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Immunol. 2012 Jun 18 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711891) Influenza A virus (flu) is a respiratory tract pathogen causing high morbidity and mortality among the human population. NO is a cellular mediator involved in tissue damage through its apoptosis of target ... WESTGEEST KB, de Graaf M, Fourment M, Bestebroer T. Genetic Evolution of Neuraminidase of Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses from 1968 to 2009 and its Correspondence to Hemagglutinin. J Gen Virol. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Gen Virol. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718569) Each year, influenza viruses cause epidemics by evading preexisting humoral immunity through mutations in the major glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA). In 2004, Smith et al. ... CROVILLE G, Soubies SM, Barbieri J, Klopp C, et al. Field Monitoring of Avian Influenza Viruses: Whole Genome Sequencing and Tracking of Neuraminidase Evolution Using 454 Pyrosequencing. J Clin Microbiol. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at Jun, 25, 2012 from J Clin Microbiol. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22718944) Adaptation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from waterfowl to domestic poultry with a deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk has already been reported. The way the virus undergoes this evolution is ... PANTIN-JACKWOOD MJ, Smith DM, Wasilenko JL, Cagle. Effect of age on the pathogenesis and innate immune responses in Pekin ducks infected with different H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Virus Res. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2012 from Virus Res. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22595263) The pathogenicity of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in domestic ducks varies between different viruses and is affected by the age of the ducks, with younger ducks presenting a more ... STARICK E, Lange E, Grund C, Grosse Beilage E, et. Reassortants of pandemic influenza A virus H1N1/2009 and endemic porcine HxN2 viruses emerge in swine populations in Germany. J Gen Virol. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2012 from J Gen Virol. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622326) The incursion of the human pandemic influenza A virus H1N1 (2009) (H1N1 pdm) into pig populations and its on-going co-circulation with endemic swine influenza viruses (SIV) has yielded distinct human-porcine ... KASSON PM. Receptor Binding by Influenza Virus: Using Computational Techniques to Extend Structural Data. Biochemistry. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 25, 2012 from Biochemistry. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22409249) Influenza attaches to host cells via hemagglutinin binding of cell-surface glycans. These relatively low-affinity interactions involving flexible ligands are critical in determining tissue and host specificity, ... ZHOU JP, Ge FF, Liu J, Ju HB, et al. Epidemiological survey and genetic evolution of H9 subtype influenza viruses in Shanghai, China, from 2006 to 2010. Arch Virol. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 25, 2012 from Arch Virol. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22407404) The H9N2 influenza virus is endemic in poultry. We report its occurrence in live-poultry markets, fair-trade markets and poultry farms in the Shanghai region between September 2006 and December 2010. An ... MOON HJ, Lee JS, Choi YK, Park JY, et al. Induction of type I interferon by high-molecular poly-gamma-glutamate protects B6.A2G-Mx1 mice against influenza A virus. Antiviral Res. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 25, 2012 from Antiviral Res. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22401806) In addition to development of vaccines and synthetic antiviral drugs, recent studies have advocated the use of natural substances that inhibit or prevent viral infections. High-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamate ... HELDT FS, Frensing T, Reichl U. Modeling the intracellular dynamics of influenza virus replication to understand the control of viral RNA synthesis. J Virol. 2012.. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 25, 2012 from J Virol. 2012. (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22593159) Influenza viruses transcribe and replicate their negative-sense RNA genome inside the nucleus of host cells via three viral RNA species. In the course of an infection, these RNAs show distinct dynamics ... PING J, Selman M, Tyler S, Forbes N, et al.. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Turkey/Ontario/6213/1966(H5N1) is the progenitor of highly pathogenic A/Turkey/Ontario/7732/1966(H5N9). J Gen Virol. 2012.. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 25, 2012 from J Gen Virol. 2012. (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592261) The first confirmed outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infections in North America was caused by A/turkey/Ontario/7732/1966(H5N9), however the phylogeny of this virus is largely unknown. ... VAN BORM S, Rosseel T, Vangeluwe D, Vandenbussche. Phylogeographic analysis of avian influenza viruses isolated from Charadriiformes in Belgium confirms intercontinental reassortment in gulls. Arch Virol. 2012.. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 25, 2012 from Arch Virol. 2012. (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22580556) Nine influenza viruses isolated from gulls and shorebirds in Belgium (2008-2010), including H3N8, H5N2, H6N1, H11N9, H13N6, H13N8, and H16N3 subtypes, were targeted using random amplification and next-generation ... Chou YY, Vafabakhsh R, Doganay S, Gao Q, et al. One influenza virus particle packages eight unique viral RNAs as shown by FISH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 8, 2012 from Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547828) Influenza A virus possesses a segmented genome of eight negative-sense, single-stranded RNAs. The eight segments have been shown to be represented in approximately equal molar ratios in a virus population; ... Zhou F, Zhou J, Ma L, Song S, et al. High-yield production of a stable Vero cell-based vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012.. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 8, 2012 from Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012. (via http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22554519) Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose a global pandemic threat, for which rapid large-scale vaccine production technology is critical for prevention and control. Because chickens are highly ... Hui-Ling Yen, Joseph Sriyal Malik Peiris. Virology: Bird flu in mammals. Nature 2012 doi:10.1038/nature11192. Abstract submitted by kickingbird at May, 3, 2012 from Nature 2012 doi:10.1038/nature11192 (via http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/natu) An engineered influenza virus based on a haemagglutinin protein from H5N1 avian influenza, with just four mutations, can be transmitted between ferrets, emphasizing the potential for a human pandemic to ... Masaki Imai, etc.,al. Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature 2012 doi:10.1038/nature10831. Full Text submitted by kickingbird at May, 3, 2012 from Nature 2012 doi:10.1038/nature10831 (via http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/natu) Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza A viruses occasionally infect humans, but currently do not transmit efficiently among humans. 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