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Spackman E, et al. Assessment of replicate numbers for titrating avian influenza virus using dose-response models. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2019 May 25:1040638719853851..  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from J Vet Diagn Invest. 2019 May 25:1040638719853851. (via https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131714)
Embryonating chicken eggs (ECEs) are among the most sensitive laboratory host systems for avian influenza virus (AIV) titration, but ECEs are expensive and require space for storage and incubation. Therefore, ...

Guinat C, Rouchy N, Camy F, Guérin JL, Paul MC. Exploring the Wind-Borne Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 During the 2016-2017 Epizootic in France. Avian Dis. 2018 Oct 11;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Oct 11;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
In winter 2016-2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus spread in France, causing an unprecedented epizootic. During the epidemic, southwest France, where most outbreaks were reported, ...

Stephens CB, et al. The Pathogenesis of H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis). Avian Dis. 2019 Dec 18;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2019 Dec 18;63 (via https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31131581)
Waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (AIV), and through migration spread the virus worldwide. Most AIVs carried by wild waterfowl are low pathogenic strains; however, Goose/Guangdong/1996 ...

Muzyka D, et al. Highly Pathogenic and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Subtype Viruses in Wild Birds in Ukraine. Avian Dis. 2018 Dec 18;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Dec 18;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
There have been three waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial, backyard poultry, and wild birds in Ukraine. The first (2005-2006) and second (2008) waves were caused by ...

Pénzes Z, et al. Rapid Construction and Immunogenicity Testing of a Novel H5 Virus-Like Particle Prototype Vaccine Against Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Avian Dis. 2018 Dec 18;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Dec 18;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
From October 2016 to July 2017, 47 countries have been affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 subtype, including European and African, and it has been the ...

Reid SM, et al. Two Single Incursions of H7N7 and H5N1 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza in U.K. Broiler Breeders During 2015 and 2016. Avian Dis. 2018 Dec 17;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Dec 17;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
Low pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have a natural reservoir in wild birds. These cause few (if any) overt clinical signs, but include H5 and H7 LPAIVs, which are notifiable in poultry. ...

Nolting JM, et al. Identifying Gaps in Wild Waterfowl Influenza A Surveillance in Ohio, United States. Avian Dis. 2018 Oct 10;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Oct 10;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
The Mississippi Flyway is of utmost importance in monitoring influenza A viral diversity in the natural reservoir, as it is used by approximately 40% of North American migratory waterfowl. In 2008, influenza ...

Abolnik C, et al. The Incursion and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4 Within South Africa. Avian Dis. 2018 Oct 11;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Oct 11;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
The report of a mass die-off of white-winged terns (Chlidonias leucopterus) along the shores of Lake Victoria in Uganda in January 2017 was a warning that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 ...

Hollander LP, et al. Prevalence of Influenza A Viruses in Ducks Sampled in Northwestern Minnesota and Evidence for Predominance of H3N8 and H4N6 Subtypes in Mallards, 2007~2016. Avian Dis. 2018 Jul 20;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Jul 20;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
Long-term comprehensive studies of avian influenza virus subtypes in ducks not only contribute to understanding variations and patterns of subtype diversity, but also can be important in defining seasonal ...

Froberg T, et al. Avian Influenza Prevalence and Viral Shedding Routes in Minnesota Ring-Billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis).. Avian Dis. 2018 Jul 20;63.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Jul 20;63 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-63/issue-s)
Birds within the orders Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls) and Anseriformes (waterfowl) are reservoir hosts for avian influenza (AI) viruses, but their role in the transmission dynamics of AI viruses ...

Zima V, et al. Investigation of flexibility of neuraminidase 150-loop using tamiflu derivatives in influenza A viruses H1N1 and H5N1. Bioorg Med Chem. 2019 May 17.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Bioorg Med Chem. 2019 May 17 (via https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096808961)
This study focuses on design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of inhibitory potency of two series of sialylmimetic that target an exosite ("150-cavity") adjacent to the active site of influenza neuraminidases ...

Jagadesh A, et al. Genetic characterization of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza A viruses circulating in Southwest India during 2017 season. Virus Genes. 2019 May 25.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Virus Genes. 2019 May 25 (via https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11262-019-01675)
Molecular surveillance of influenza viruses is essential for early detection of novel variants. The aim of the present study was to analyze the hemagglutinin gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) ...

Zhang H, et al. Development of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of influenza A, B, C, and D viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 29..  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 29. (via https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130238)
Influenza is a common and contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza A, B, C, and D viruses (IAV, IBV, ICV, and IDV). A multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection ...

Gregianini TS, et al. Dual and Triple Infections With Influenza A and B Viruses: A Case-Control Study in Southern Brazil. J Infect Dis. 2019 May 29.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from J Infect Dis. 2019 May 29 (via https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10)
Influenza surveillance is important for disease control and should consider possible coinfection with different viruses, which can be associated with disease severity. This study analyzed 34 459 patients ...

Henning J, et al. Risk factors for H5 avian influenza virus prevalence on urban live bird markets in Jakarta, Indonesia-Evaluation of long-term environmental surveillance data. PLoS One. 2019 May 24;14(5):e0216984..  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 29, 2019 from PLoS One. 2019 May 24;14(5):e0216984. (via https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal)
In the re-emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), live bird markets have been identified to play a critical role. In this repeated cross-sectional study, we combined surveillance data collected ...

Iván Martínez-Baz, et al. Remaining effect of influenza vaccines received in prior seasons. The Journal of Infectious Diseases.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 28, 2019 from The Journal of Infectious Diseases (via https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-abstract/doi/10)
This study evaluates the remaining effect of influenza vaccines received in the 5 prior seasons. During 7 influenza seasons 8933 patients were enrolled and 47% were confirmed for influenza. As compared ...

J Hicks, et al. Agricultural and geographic factors shaped the North American 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak. BioRxiv.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 28, 2019 from BioRxiv (via https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645408v1.abstract)
The 2014 – 2015 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5NX outbreak represents the largest and most expensive HPAI outbreak in the United States to date. Despite extensive traditional and molecular ...

Lopez KM, et al. Environmental Sampling Survey of H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza-Infected Layer Chicken Farms in Minnesota and Iowa. Avian Dis. 2018 Dec;62(4):373-380.  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 28, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Dec;62(4):373-380 (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-62/issue-4)
Respiratory secretions, feces, feathers, and eggs of avian influenza-infected hens provide ample sources of virus which heavily contaminate barn and farm environments during a disease outbreak. Environmental ...

Ali M, et al. Prevalence and Phylogenetics of H9N2 in Backyard and Commercial Poultry in Pakistan. Avian Dis. 2018 Dec;62(4):416-424..  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 28, 2019 from Avian Dis. 2018 Dec;62(4):416-424. (via https://bioone.org/journals/Avian-Diseases/volume-62/issue-4)
Surveillance of H9N2 is currently focused on areas central to the commercial poultry industry. This study determined the prevalence of H9N2 virus in commercial and backyard poultry flocks in Punjab Province, ...

Oxford JS, Gill D. A possible European origin of the Spanish influenza and the first attempts to reduce mortality to combat superinfecting bacteria: an opinion from a virologist and a military historian. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019 May 23:1-4..  Abstract  
submitted by kickingbird at May, 28, 2019 from Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019 May 23:1-4. (via https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21645515.2019.1)
When we reconsider the virology and history of the Spanish Influenza Pandemic, the science of 2018 provides us with tools which did not exist at the time. Two such tools come to mind. The first lies in ...

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