Influenza viruses have threatened the human health for a long time as an important pathogen, and at the present time, epidemic surveillance and protection of high-risk population are the major measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. With the help of WHO global influenza programme and the development of influenza surveillance in Shanghai, we explored the global influenza activity, especially the antigenic variation of influenza A viruses and the human condition of immune t...

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