Migratory birds have been implicated in the long-range spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI) A virus (H5N1) from Asia to Europe and Africa. Although sampling of healthy wild birds
representing a large number of species has not identified possible carriers of influenza virus (H5N1) into
Europe, surveillance of dead and sick birds has demonstrated mute (Cygnus olor) and whooper (C.
cygnus) swans as potential sentinels. Because of concerns that migratory birds could spread H5N1
subtype to the Western Hemisphere and lead to its establishment within free-living avian populations,
experimental studies have addressed the susceptibility of several indigenous North American duck and
gull species. We examined the susceptibility of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) to HPAI virus (H5N1).
Large populations of this species can be found in periagricultural and periurban settings and thus may be
of potential epidemiologic importance if H5N1 subtype were to establish itself in North American wild bird
populations.

07-0502.pdf