Ohishi K, Kishida N, Ninomiya A, Kida H, Takada Y, Miyazaki N, Boltunov AN, Maruyama T. Antibodies to Human-Related H3 Influenza A Virus in Baikal Seals (Phoca sibirica) and Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) in Russia. Microbiol Immunol. 2004;48(11):905-9
Antibodies to influenza A virus were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera from two of seven Baikal seals (Phoca sibrica) and from five of six ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in Russia. In a hemagglutination-inhibition test using H1-H15 reference influenza A viruses, ELISA-positive sera from one Baikal seal and four ringed seals reacted to A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) strains. One ringed seal serum sample reacted to A/seal/Massachusetts/1/80 (H7N7). The present results suggested that human-related H3 viruses were prevalent in Baikal seals and ringed seals inhabiting the central Russian Arctic.
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