Souza CK, Santos JJS, Boggiatto P, Sterle H, Arrud. H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccination elicits adaptive immune responses in Holstein calves. J Virol. 2026 Oct 8:e0128926
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 circulated widely in lactating dairy cows in the United States following the initial detection in 2024. Due to the critical need for intervention strategies for this outbreak, we evaluated antibody and cellular immune responses of a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in calves. We found that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine induced a robust antibody and CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response and conferred protection against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection.IMPORTANCEIt is important to develop vaccines that limit clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection in cattle. In this study, we found that a new H5 mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine is immunogenic when delivered intramuscularly to male Holstein calves.
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