Avian influenza is a complex global challenge with consequences for animal health, human health, biodiversity, food security and livelihoods. In recent decades, high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread across continents, become established in wild bird populations, affected an increasing range of mammalian species and caused unprecedented impacts on wildlife, poultry production and associated economies. These impacts are occurring alongside other environmental pressures, including climate change, habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. Recognizing these challenges, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) developed this global framework to strengthen collaboration on avian influenza through a One Health approach. It provides a common reference for coordinated action across human, animal and environmental sectors, focusing on prevention, early detection and rapid response, preparedness, risk assessment and communication, surveillance and information sharing, and multidisciplinary research. The framework builds on existing mandates and mechanisms to strengthen coherence, reduce duplication and support integrated, country-led action.