Moor N, Chen N, Behrens GMN, Zhang L, Moldenhauer. Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of H3N2 influenza A virus subclade K. NPJ Vaccines. 2026 Sep 4;11(1):176
In 2025, a mutated H3N2 lineage, subclade K, emerged, showing high activity in many regions. Mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) may affect cell entry and antibody-mediated neutralisation. Using pseudovirus particles, we show that subclade K-HA drives augmented entry into certain cell lines and displays significant antibody evasion. Both phenotypes were linked to mutation A186D. Influenza vaccination significantly boosted H3N2 subclade K neutralisation, suggesting that current vaccines may provide considerable protection.
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