Zachary Seekford, etc.,al. [preprint]Inoculation Of Dairy Bulls With H5N1 B3.13 HPAI Virus Via Natural Routes. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9836697/v1
Presently, it remains unknown whether dairy bulls are susceptible to H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) or whether infection could result in viral shedding via the reproductive tract and semen. To address this knowledge gap, we inoculated sexually mature dairy bulls intranasally, intrapreputially, and repeatedly intranasally or intrapreputially with a high dose of a HPAIV isolated from an infected cow. Rectal and rumen temperatures and various samples including semen and preputial swabs were collected for up to 19 days post inoculation. Five of the bulls were sacrificed, and comprehensive necropsies were conducted collecting more than 50 tissues per animal. No clinical signs were observed for the duration of the study. Viral RNA was detected by rRT-PCR for two to three days only at inoculation sites; no other samples or tissues were positive. Virus isolation performed on swabs, semen, and prepuce samples indicated that neither single nor sequentially inoculated dairy bulls shed infectious virus. All inoculated bulls seroconverted whereas control-inoculated bulls did not express quantifiable antibodies. These data demonstrate that dairy bulls are minimally susceptible without developing a sustained infection despite receiving a high-dose HPAIV challenge and bovine semen is not a potential risk for the spread of H5N1 HPAIV.
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