Ghumra, D.P., Xu, M., Benegal, A. et al. Biofouling-resistant functionalized capacitive biosensor for rapid detection of zoonotic influenza. npj Biosensing 3, 27 (2026)
Emerging zoonotic pathogens represent an escalating threat to global health, underscoring the need for rapid and effective testing strategies. Electrochemical biosensors offer a promising solution for point-of-care testing, enabling sensitive and real-time detection of these pathogens. A major challenge in biosensor technology is biofouling, caused by nonspecific adsorption in complex matrices, which compromises sensor reliability. This study reports a biofouling-resistant electrochemical capacitive biosensor (ECB) capable of rapid (<5?min) detection of zoonotic influenza, specifically avian influenza H5N1 and H1N1 viruses, with detection limits below 50 viral RNA copies/mL. The ECB maintains sensitivity for virus detection and demonstrates excellent signal stability (±3% signal drift) when tested under extreme fouling-prone media. This novel characteristic of the biosensor is achieved by functionalizing its working electrode with a hybrid composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and reduced graphene oxide. This capacitive interface supports stable strain-specific aptamer immobilization, providing a robust platform for POCT diagnostics of zoonotic pathogens in real-world settings.
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