Ikonen N, Haveri A, Lindh E, Liedes O, Vara S, Pak. Reduced neutralising antibody responses against emerging 2025/26 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subclade D.3.1 and A(H3N2) subclade K viruses among healthcare workers, Finland, August to October 2025. Euro Surveill. 2026 Feb;31(6)
During autumn 2025, drifted influenza A(H3N2) subclade K and A(H1N1)pdm09 subclade D.3.1. and D.3.1.1 viruses were detected in Finland. We assessed antibody responses against 2024/25 vaccine and 2025/26 epidemic influenza A strains among 46 Finnish healthcare workers before and after influenza vaccination with the 2024/25 vaccine; this vaccine included identical A(H1N1)pdm09 but different A(H3N2) strains compared with the 2025/26 vaccine. Neutralising antibody responses were markedly reduced against the A(H3N2) subclade K virus and titres for certain A(H1N1)pdm09 strains were reduced.
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