We report the clinical characteristics and treatment of a human case with severe avian influenza A (H10N3) infection and provide a reference for the diagnosis and management of similar cases. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the patient´s clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging features, treatment regimen, and follow-up outcomes, with a discussion based on the relevant literature. The patient was a 51-year-old male with no chronic medical history, who was hospitalized due to "fever accompanied by cough, chest tightness, wheezing, and dyspnea for one week." A H10N3 diagnosis was confirmed based on his medical history, clinical manifestations, and positive results from an influenza A virus subtype H10N3 nucleic acid detection assay (from throat swabs and deep sputum samples) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), China. The case was confirmed as meeting the diagnostic criteria for severe cases. Early comprehensive interventions, including aggressive antiviral therapy, anti-inflammatory treatment, respiratory support, and immunomodulation, were implemented. Follow-up over 1 year showed favor‐ able recovery, with eventual full recuperation. After cross-species transmission to humans, H10N3 virus can cause severe viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration, potent early antiviral therapy, the timely mitigation of cytokine storms, alleviating lung injury, stepwise respiratory support strategies (including effective prone positioning ventilation), and immunomodulation are critical steps for successful treatment outcomes.