Djurdjevi? B, Samojlovi? M, Lupulovi? D, Petrovi?. Temporal Dynamics and Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza in Wild Birds in Northern Serbia (2016-2025). Vet Sci. 2025 Sep 15;12(9):894
Wild birds, particularly migratory waterfowl (family Anatidae), are the primary reservoir of avian influenza viruses, playing a key role in their transboundary spread. In the winter of 2016/2017, the H5N8 strain was first recorded in Serbia, with 20 outbreaks confirmed in wild birds by 2021, mostly involving mute swans in the Vojvodina region. From 2021 onward, the dominant strain was H5N1, with 38 confirmed outbreaks up to 2023, primarily affecting mute swans, black-headed gulls, and common cranes. Sporadic H5N2 outbreaks were also detected, with two cases in 2021 and 2023. Due to its rich ornithofauna, natural reserves, and habitats suitable for migratory birds, the Vojvodina region has been officially designated as a high-risk zone by the Veterinary Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia. While sporadic cases occurred in backyard poultry, commercial farms remained unaffected. Infections peaked in autumn and early spring. Control measures included enhanced biosecurity, movement restrictions, and removal of dead birds to protect domestic poultry. Despite the circulation of avian influenza virus in wild birds, Serbia´s commercial poultry industry avoided outbreaks and major economic losses. Including outbreak data provided insight into the scale and persistence of avian influenza threats in this region.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- High-throughput pseudovirus neutralisation maps the antigenic landscape of influenza A/H1N1 viruses 6 hours ago
- Timely vaccine strain selection and genomic surveillance improve evolutionary forecast accuracy of seasonal influenza A/H3N2 6 hours ago
- Evaluation of a Novel Data Source for National Influenza Surveillance: Influenza Hospitalization Data in the National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, September 2021-April 2024 6 hours ago
- Scenarios for pre-pandemic zoonotic influenza preparedness and response 6 hours ago
- Stability of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Milk from Infected Cows and Virus-Spiked Milk 1 days ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


