H10N3 is a member of the genus influenza A virus and belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. Its genomic characteristics meet the classification criteria of subtypes of avian influenza viruses. The name of the virus is based on the different antigenicity of its two surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Among them, "H10" indicates the 10th subtype of hemagglutinin, "N3" indicates the 3rd subtype of neuraminidase. It is a rare avian influenza virus that has emerged in recent years. So far, there have been 3 cases of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza reported worldwide. H10N3 virus has certain infectious disease characteristics, mainly through contact transmission and aerosol transmission, and can infect humans and cause severe pneumonia. All reported cases have severe pneumonia, and no deaths. Because the disease is extremely rare, its specialized nursing measures and specific clinical pathways have not yet been systematically established. On December 25, 2024, Nanning Fourth People´s hospital treated a patient infected with H10H3 avian influenza complicated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the fourth case in the world. This article aims to summarize the disease observation, infection prevention and control and critical care points of this kind of rare cases from the perspective of nursing practice, and provide reference for the specialized nursing of patients with this kind of new infectious diseases in the future.