Zhang J, Feng Z, Shen Y, Shi W, Sun Y, Zhao J, Wu. End-of-Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Outpatient Settings, Beijing, China: A Test-Negative Design. Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;13(8):809
his study aimed to estimate the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2024/25 season in Beijing, China. Methods: We used a test-negative design (TND) to assess influenza VE among outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) enrolled through the influenza virological surveillance in sentinel hospitals in Beijing from week 44, 2024 to week 14, 2025. Cases were ILI patients who tested positive for influenza; controls were those who tested negative. Results: Among 18,405 ILI patients tested, 3690 (20.0%) were positive for influenza, with A(H1N1)pdm09 as the predominant strain (98.9%). The overall influenza vaccination coverage was 12.4%. Adjusted VE was 48.3% (95%CI: 40.4%-55.3%) against any influenza and 48.2% (95%CI: 40.3%-55.1%) against A(H1N1)pdm09, with the highest VE observed in adults aged 18-59 years (79.0%). The adjusted VE was similar for those vaccinated in 2023/24 only (53.1%) or both 2023/24 and 2024/25 seasons (50.8%), but lower for those vaccinated only in the 2024/25 season (48.5%). The adjusted VE was higher during the epidemic period (52.5%) than in the pre-epidemic (48.1%) and post-epidemic (35.3%) periods. Conclusions: Our findings indicate moderate VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza, especially A(H1N1)pdm09, during the end of the 2024/25 season in Beijing, China. Influenza vaccination provided protective effects across different epidemic periods. These timely estimates support ongoing public health communication and immunization strategies.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- T cell help is a limiting factor for rare anti-influenza memory B cells to reenter germinal centers and generate potent broadly neutralizing antibodies 20 hours ago
- Wild birds drive the introduction, maintenance, and spread of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in Spain, 2021-2022 20 hours ago
- [preprint]FluNexus: a versatile web platform for antigenic prediction and visualization of influenza A viruses 21 hours ago
- Salpingitis and multiorgan lesions caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a cat associated with consumption of recalled raw milk in California 21 hours ago
- Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus 2.3.4.4b in alpacas 21 hours ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


