Karakus, U., Sempere Borau, M., Martínez-Barragán, P. et al. MHC class II proteins mediate sialic acid independent entry of human and avian H2N2 influenza A viruses. Nat Microbiol. 2024 Jul 15
Influenza A viruses (IAV) pose substantial burden on human and animal health. Avian, swine and human IAV bind sialic acid on host glycans as receptor, whereas some bat IAV require MHC class II complexes for cell entry. It is unknown how this difference evolved and whether dual receptor specificity is possible. Here we show that human H2N2 IAV and related avian H2N2 possess dual receptor specificity in cell lines and primary human airway cultures. Using sialylation-deficient cells, we reveal that entry via MHC class II is independent of sialic acid. We find that MHC class II from humans, pigs, ducks, swans and chickens but not bats can mediate H2 IAV entry and that this is conserved in Eurasian avian H2. Our results demonstrate that IAV can possess dual receptor specificity for sialic acid and MHC class II, and suggest a role for MHC class II-dependent entry in zoonotic IAV infections.
See Also:
Latest articles in those days:
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza as a systemic risk - implications for control and preparedness 37 minute(s) ago
- Multiple introductions and spread of novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses via wild birds, South Korea, 2024-2025 38 minute(s) ago
- [preprint]The mammalian-adaptive PB2-E627K substitution preserves viral fitness of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV in birds 13 hours ago
- Mallard super-shedders of avian influenza exhibit distinct cloacal microbial abundance profiles 17 hours ago
- A digitally immune-optimized influenza vaccine broadly neutralizes swine and human H1N1 influenza viruses and protects from heterologous challenge 17 hours ago
[Go Top] [Close Window]


