Chen C, Jiang D, Yan D, Pi L, Zhang X, Du Y, Liu X. The global region-specific epidemiologic characteristics of influenza: WHO FluNet data from 1996 to 2021. Int J Infect Dis. 2023 Feb 9:S1201-9712(23)00052-8
Background: This study aimed to investigate region-specific epidemiologic characteristics of influenza and influenza transmission zones (ITZs).
Methods: Weekly influenza surveillance data of 156 countries from 1996 to 2021 were obtained using FluNet. Join-point regression was used to describe global influenza virus trends, and clustering analyses were used to classify the ITZs.
Results: The global median average positive rate for total influenza virus was 16.19% (interquartile range [IQR]:11.62%-25.70%). Overall, three major subtypes (influenza H1, H3, and B viruses) showed alternating epidemics. Notably, the proportion of influenza B viruses increased significantly from July 2020 to June 2021, reaching 62.66%. The primary peaks of influenza virus circulation in the north were earlier than those in the south. Global influenza virus circulation was significantly characterised by seven ITZs, including "Northern-America" (primary peak: week 10), "Eastern & Southern-Asia" (primary peak: week 10), "Europe" (primary peak: week 11), "Asia-Europe" (primary peak: week 12), "Southern-America" (primary peak: week 30), "Oceania-Melanesia-Polynesia" (primary peak: week 39), and "Africa" (primary peak: week 46).
Conclusions: Global influenza virus circulation was significantly characterised by seven ITZs that could be applied to influenza surveillance and warning.
Methods: Weekly influenza surveillance data of 156 countries from 1996 to 2021 were obtained using FluNet. Join-point regression was used to describe global influenza virus trends, and clustering analyses were used to classify the ITZs.
Results: The global median average positive rate for total influenza virus was 16.19% (interquartile range [IQR]:11.62%-25.70%). Overall, three major subtypes (influenza H1, H3, and B viruses) showed alternating epidemics. Notably, the proportion of influenza B viruses increased significantly from July 2020 to June 2021, reaching 62.66%. The primary peaks of influenza virus circulation in the north were earlier than those in the south. Global influenza virus circulation was significantly characterised by seven ITZs, including "Northern-America" (primary peak: week 10), "Eastern & Southern-Asia" (primary peak: week 10), "Europe" (primary peak: week 11), "Asia-Europe" (primary peak: week 12), "Southern-America" (primary peak: week 30), "Oceania-Melanesia-Polynesia" (primary peak: week 39), and "Africa" (primary peak: week 46).
Conclusions: Global influenza virus circulation was significantly characterised by seven ITZs that could be applied to influenza surveillance and warning.
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