Chesnokov A, et al. Replicative fitness of seasonal influenza A viruses with decreased susceptibility to baloxavir. J Infect Dis. 2019 Sep 21.
Susceptibility of influenza A viruses to baloxavir can be affected by changes at amino acid residue 38 in polymerase acidic (PA) protein. Information on replicative fitness of PA-I38-substituted viruses remains sparse. We demonstrated that substitutions I38L/M/S/T not only had a differential effect on baloxavir susceptibility (9- to 116-fold), but also on in vitro replicative fitness. While I38L conferred undiminished growth, other substitutions led to mild attenuation. In a ferret model, control viruses outcompeted those carrying I38M or I38T substitutions, although their advantage was limited. These findings offer insights into the attributes of baloxavir resistant viruses needed for informed risk assessment.
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