The 2017/18 winter influenza season in Hong Kong SAR started in early January 2018, predominated by influenza B/Yamagata. We collaborated with private medical practitioners of our sentinel surveillance system to collect respiratory specimens and clinical information from patients with influenza-like illness for estimation of the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) using the test-negative case-control design. We found that the overall VE was 59.1% (95%CI 41.1 to 71.8%) against all influenza and 53.5% (95%CI 35.4 to 74.6%) against influenza B. Seasonal influenza vaccine provided moderate to good protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza infection at primary care level in Hong Kong in the 2017/18 winter influenza season.