OBJECTIVES: To determine if pandemic influenza vaccination was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in children.


METHODS: Information from Norwegian registries from 2006 through 2014 on all children <18 years living in Norway on October 1, 2009 was used in Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios for incident epilepsy after vaccination. A self-controlled case series analysis was used to estimate incidence rate ratios in defined risk periods after pandemic vaccination.


RESULTS: In Norway, the main period of the influenza A subtype H1N1 pandemic was from October 2009 to December 2009. On October 1, 2009, 1?154?113 children <18 years of age were registered as residents in Norway. Of these, 572?875 (50.7%) were vaccinated against pandemic influenza. From October 2009 through 2014 there were 3628 new cases of epilepsy (incidence rate 6.09 per 10?000 person-years). The risk of epilepsy was not increased after vaccination: hazard ratio: 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.23. Results from the self-controlled case series analysis supported the finding of no association between vaccination and subsequent epilepsy.


CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic influenza vaccination was not associated with increased risk of epilepsy. Concerns about pandemic vaccination causing epilepsy in children seem to be unwarranted.