Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Started: 12 Aug 2021
Confirmed: 9 Aug 2021
Reported: 20 Aug 2021
Reason for notification: recurrence
Last occurrence: 6 Jul 2021
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus 
Serotype: H5N8
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.

New outbreaks (3)
Outbreak location 1: Baarn, Eemnes, Utrecht
Started: 12 Aug 2021
Epidemiological unit: other
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of /
Slaughtered or killed for commercial use / Vaccinated
Mallard (_Anas platyrhynchos_): Anatidae-Anseriformes / - / 1 / 1 / 0
/ 0 / 0
Affected population: one mallard was found dead in a wetland; the
National Reference Laboratory tested the mallard positive for highly
pathogenic H5N8.

Outbreak location 2: Heeten, Raalte, Overijssel
Started: 23 Aug 2021
Epidemiological unit: other
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of /
Slaughtered or killed for commercial use / Vaccinated
Anatidae (unidentified) (Anatidae (incognita)): Anatidae-Anseriformes
/ 1403 / 34 / 34 / 1369 / 0 / 0
Affected population: several Anatidae were found dead in a wetland
area; the National Reference Laboratory tested the dead Anatidae
positive for highly pathogenic H5N8.

Outbreak location 3: Bunschoten, Bunschoten, Utrecht
Started: 16 Aug 2021
Epidemiological unit: other
Total animals affected:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of /
Slaughtered or killed for commercial use / Vaccinated
Mallard (_Anas platyrhynchos_): Anatidae-Anseriformes / - / 1 / 1 / 0
/ 0 / 0
Affected population: one mallard was found dead in a wetland; the
National Reference Laboratory tested the mallard positive for highly
pathogenic H5N8.

Epidemiology
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: unknown or
inconclusive

Control measures at event level
Wild control measures applied: official disposal of carcasses,
by-products, and waste; control of wildlife reservoirs.

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type / Species / Outbreaks / Test / Test date /
Result
Wageningen Bioveterinary Research National Reference Laboratory,
Lelystad National Laboratory / Mallard/Anatidae (unidentified) / 3 /
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) / 20 to 24 Aug
2021 / positive