Objectives
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) continues to threaten poultry production. Available control measures, specifically depopulation, encounter operational challenges in upland gamebirds due to their unique rearing conditions, complicating outbreak response. Gamebirds encompass bird species raised for hunting, with upland gamebirds and waterfowl being the two main representatives. This study evaluated experiences in depopulation of upland gamebirds in North America during HPAI H5N1 outbreaks, to identify key challenges and gaps.
Methods
We conducted a mixed-methods study, using survey and semi-structured interview, targeting upland gamebird producers across North America (n=35).
Results
Effective coordination between producers and depopulation teams were identifiend as aspects that worked well. Key challenges included prolonged response time, labor intensity, limited experience or training, inadequate preparedness, mental health impacts, and difficulties associated with prolonged PPE use. Areas for improvement included shortening response duration, strengthening preparedness, incorporating grower input, and improving documentation of losses. Anticipated future challenges included inefficient bird catching, improper housing for depopulation, and limited equipment availability.
Conclusion
These findings support the need of sector-specific HPAI depopulation guidelines for upland gamebirds, targeted training for depopulation of outdoor-reared operations, advance planning and equipment procurement, and incorporation of producer input during preparedness and response efforts.