[preprint]H5 influenza virus mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccination elicits adaptive immune responses in Holstein calves

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 is circulating widely in lactating cows in the United States. Due to the critical need for intervention strategies for this outbreak, we evaluated antibody and cellular immune responses of a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine in calves. We found that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine induced a robust antibody and CD8+ T cellular-mediated immune response and conferred protection against clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 infection.